Brown snakes

Bites from Pseudonaja affinis (Dugite) most often produces coagulopathy, with other clinical signs including:, abdominal pain, breathing and swallowing difficulty, convulsions, ptosis, hemolysis, hypotension from depression of myocardial contractility, renal failure or rhabdomyolysis. The specific procoagulant involved is a serine protease with a sialic acid component which also contributes to the coagulant action that has a different specific activity than the procoagulants from P. inframacula, P. nuchalis, and P. textilis but has a homologous primary structure.

The ringed-brown snake P. modesta has been reported to cause systemic envenomation but, in contrast with other, more toxic members of the genera, there was a clinical absence of coagulopathy or paralysis with general symptoms being mild.